112
113
AHO WORKS StudieS 2011-2012
Institute of Design
Projects
POLICYSUPPORT.NET: DESIGNING
SOLUTIONS FOR LOCAL ACTION
Manuela Aguirre, Linda Blaasvær and Renata
Mikalaiskaite
Systems Oriented Design
MASTER STUDIO | ONE SEMESTER
PolicySupport.net
is an online platform that
allows policy makers to access a network of
trustworthy information when they are out in
the field. Policy makers can ask specific ques-
tions and receive answers by a multidiscipli-
nary community of experts in a collaborative,
reliable and efficient way. This project was
developed in collaboration with Derek Miller
at Policy Lab.
UNDP
PLATFORM
THEFUTUREOF INFORMATION
SHARING INHUMANITARIANHELP
POLICY CONNECTIONS
POLICY SUPPORT
POLICY CLOUD
INFORMATION
REINTEGRATION
COUNSELING
REFERRAL
(1)
(1)
(30)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(2)
KOSOVO
(35)
(2)
(8)
(12)
(39)
(1)
(25)
(1)
(4)
(5)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(22)
(1)
(2)
(2)
DepartmentofPoliticalAffairs (DPA)
DepartmentofPublic Information (DPI)
DepartmentofPeacekeepingOperations (DPKO)
InternationalLabourOrganization (ILO)
InternationalOrganization forMigration (IOM)
Office forDisarmamentAffairs (ODA)
Officeof theHighCommissioner forHumanRights (OHCHR)
UnitedNationsProgrammeonHIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme (UNDP)
UnitedNationsPopulationFund (UNFPA)
UnitedNationsHighCommissioner forRefugees (UNHCR)
UnitedNationsChildren'sFund (UNICEF)
UnitedNations Institute forDisarmamentResearch (UNIDIR)
UnitedNationsDevelopmentFund forWomen (UNIFEM)
WorldFoodProgramme (WFP)
WorldHealthOrganization (WHO)
The idealuserof theplatform is aperson that
isworkingorhasworkedon aDDRproject for
theUN in the field.
Dealswith reintegrationof ex-combats in the
UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgram (UNDP).
Policy Support
ThePolicyLabwants todesign a
platform
that allows
policy
planners
to access anetworkof
trustworthy information
efficientlywhen they areout in the
field
.
Theplatformorganizes and visualizes information from
local,
academic andother field staff sources
. Itpermitspolicyplanners
to connect to an interdisciplinary
networkof knowledge sharing
in a reliable, easy and fastway.
12
3
456
BURUNDI
AFGHANISTAN
SIERRALEONE
GUATEMALA
SALVADOR
NIGER
KOSOVO
SERBIA
SOLOMON ISLANDS
CENTRALAFRICANREPUBLIC
UGANDA
INDONESIA
SERBIA
SOMALIA
GregoryAlex
Archive
PolicyDocuments
ResearchPapers
ChiefDirectors
PeterSwarbrick
DemocraticRepublicofCongo
DPKO/MONUC
DPKO
MbayeFaye
Burundi
SSR andSmallArms/BINUB
DPKO
AlexanderMackenzie-Smith
Somalia
UNPT/UN-AMISOM
DPA
MarioTavolaj
Sudan
IOM
JulioMicak
Chiefof InformationGathering
DDRUnit/MONUC
DPKO
LaurentAdjamonsi
DDRRRAssistant
DDRUnit/MONUC (Bukavu)
DPKO
KahindoMaryBakwanamaha
Secretary
DDRUnit/MONUC
DPKO
RoseVincent
DemobilizationAssistant
DDRUnit/MONUC (Beni)
DPKO
DerekB.Miller
Norway
ConferenceReport fromGlenCove
-UNIDIR
MortenDehliAndreassen
Norway
ReintegrationofExCombats inKosovo
NUPI
NielsNagelhusSchia
Norway
Peacebuilding act. in local circumstances
NUPI
MarioTavolaj
Sudan
IOM
DemocraticRepublic
ofCongo
Disarmament&Demobilization
Reintegration
ChildEx-Combats
DisabledEx-Combats
Information&Sensabilization
Coordination&Management
Disarmament&Demobilization
Reintegration
ChildEx-Combats
DisabledEx-Combats
Information&Sensabilization
Coordination&Management
Personal Impressions
Disarmament&Demobilization
Reintegration
ChildEx-Combats
DisabledEx-Combats
Information&Sensabilization
Coordination&Management
FieldStudies
Disarmament&Demobilization
Reintegration
ChildEx-Combats
DisabledEx-Combats
Information&Sensabilization
Coordination&Management
Lives in
DemocraticRepublicofCongo
Works as a
ChiefDirector
of
DDR
-
DPKO
Alsoworked in
Uganda
as
U.N.HumanitarianAssistanceTeam,
in
Ethiopia
with
UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgram (UNDP)
Search
ReintegrationofYoungCombats
What am Idoing?
I amwith?
I am at?
Interactiveway todesign aProjectDocument
PolicyConnections
is an easyway to ask aquestion
QUESTION -ANSWERSYSTEM
thework “behind the curtains”
insteadof askingquestions, you
AKNOWLEDGENETWORK
contact the right person
bydifferentparameters
FILTERINGTHECONTENT
andbyuser feedback
compromises3 integrated
services
:
6months later
no
no
yes
yes
Afterdemob.
INFORMATION
social
&
economic
Ex-combats re-enter
societywithnomemories
ofhow to livewithoutwar
Communitieshave also
been significantly
transformedby conflict
Agriculture
AnimalHusbandry
SmallBusiness
Health
Education
JobReferral
PlacementSupport
Vocational&ApprenticeshipTraining
Background
ConflictPartner
Specialist (CPS) for
DDR,Employment
&Reintegration
Access local
contexts& conditions
Communitymembers
GLAUCIABOYER
“the idealuser”
Connections
in the field
Awareness aboutDDRProcess
HIV/AIDS
Gender-based violence
ReproductiveHealth
ReintegrationOpportunities
ServicesAvailable
Encourage to talk to family
Talk to communitywhen selecting
a reintegrationpackage
Worked inBureau
forCrisisPrevention
&Recovery atUNDP
Workedon evidence-
based reintegration
programdesignwith
IAWGonDDR
Co-chairof IAWGonDDR
ReintegrationExpert
SeniorBureauConflict
PartnershipSpecialist
Key figureworkingon
the IDDRS
PART 1:PROJECTDEFINITION
1) SituationAnalysis/Background
1.1 SituationAnalysis
- Sizeof country
- Population
- EthnicGroups
- Languages/Dialects
- NaturalResources
- EconomicDevelopment
- SocialDevelopment
- ConflictPatterns
- Infrastructure
-Gender-basedViolence
- Inequality
- SourceofConflict
- ActorsofConfict
- GDP
- SocietyToday
- RoleofDDR
2) ProjectApproach/Strategy
2.1 GuidingPrinciples
-Nationalownership& leadership
- NationalCapacityDevelopment
- BalancingEquity,Acces toAssistance andSecurity
- LinkswithWiderRecovery
- TargetedAssistence
- Transperancy&Accountability
- Support toSpecialNeedsGroup
- Donoharm
- Informationmanagement&proactive communication
- Achieving flexibility
- ForgingPartnership&Co-ordinationMechanisms
3) ProjectDescription
3.1 ProjectOutputs
-Registration andprofilingDDRCandidates
- Pre-registrationdonebySAF andSPLA
- InterviewXCs andSNGsbasedon standardquestionnaire capturing
identification, skills, education, initial reintegrationoptions regarding:
1) location via availability and 2) typeofpackage vs. individualprofile.
- Assessing reintegrationopportunities
- Map viable livelihood and reintegrationopportunitieswith long termprospects
- Analysisof sector-wise economicgrowth,basedonongoing early recovery
programmes,governmentalpolicies&private sector investment.
- Labourmarketneeds in termsofdemand and supply to
identify reintegrationopportunitieswith long termpotential
- Map the reintegration support services
- Map the impementingpartners (IPs) ingeographical location.
- Information,Councelling andReferralServices (ICRS)
- Transitional safetynetprojects: temporary stop-gapprojectswillprovide
chash and/or food forworkoptionswhen an IPhasnotbeen selected.
- Stopmeasureswill alsobe applied tobridge thegap
betweendemobilization and the startof reintegration.
- Economic reintegration
- Agriculture andAnimalHusbandry
- VocationalSkillsTraining,Apprenticeship and JobPlacement
- Job referral andplacement support
- SmallbusinessStart-UpTraining andSupport
- FormalEducation
- Social reintegration
- Support forPsychosocialReintegration
- CapacityDevelopment
- Sensitization andPublic Inforation
1.2 LegalFramework
- National InstitutionalFramework
- StrategicDirections
- PoliciesGuidingDDR andReintegration
- PeaceAgreements
- Otherdocuments,policies& agreements
1.3 Background
- Numberofphases
- Eliagibility&Verification
- Estimated amountofXCs andSpecialNeedsGroups (SNG)
tobe coveredby theDDRPover theproject life.
- Identify themain challengesofDDR in the country
- Relevant agreements& arrangements regardingDDR
2.2 PolicyContext
- CPA
- Presidentialdecrees
- NationalDDRStrategicPlan endorsedby theNDDRCC
- National& local authorities
- Institutions
- Implementation areas
2.2 ExitStrategy
- Capacitybuilding support to thenational structures relevant toDDR
- Linkagesbetween reintegration componentofDDR and
thenational recovery anddeveloping strategies
- Themedium and long-term sustainability aspects, inc. councelling services,
provisionofmicro-finance, support to cooperatives and access to info.
- Integrating a community-based approach to
reintegration into recovery anddevelopingprograms
- reintegrationprogrammes forothergroups through establishing formal linkages
with relevantministries, commissions,donors,NGOs andUN agencies&programers
- the economicopportunities surveys& assessments as abasis todetermine
the appropriatenessof the rangeofXCs andSNGs reintegrationoptions.
3.2 RiskAnalysis&ContingencyPlanning
- Risks
- Low investment in social andphysiscal infrastructure to create employment and jobplacement
- Thedurationof supportmaynotbe sufficient toprovide thedepthof
training frutial for competition in the labourmarket
- High incidencesofmobilityby the targetpopulation and shift in
preferencesmaymake itdifficult todeliver timely assitance
- International funding shortfalls for reintegration assistance
- The longperiodofwaitingbetweendemobilisation and access to reintegrationbenefits.
- Failureof the timely implementationof theCPA and lackofnegotiated settlementover theTA
- Continued and/or increasedmilitarizationof communities
- AlternativeSolutions
-Conduct andupdate comprehensive area specific reintegration
opportunitiesmapping andmatch expectations to availableopportunities
- place emphasison agriculture and livestockhusbandry as they are themain activitiesof rural economis
- utilize apprenticeship/OTJ-trainings thathavepotential to retain trainees
- identifywage andmapwage labourprojects as a stopgapmeasure tomitigate
the challenges thatoccurbetweendemobilization and the startof reintegration assistance
- ensureDDR linkageswithCSAC and related security,govenrance and justice and recoveryprogrammes
- Increasepolitical support from theUNMIS fornegotiating settlements through theCPA
3.3 Monitoring&Evaluation (M&E)
- Internalprocessevaluation indicators
- EFFICEINCY (amountofoutputs created in relation to the resources invested)
- EFFECTIVENESS (the extent towhich theplannedoutputs andoutcomes arebeing achieved)
- RELEVANCE (towhat extent theprogramme is addressingproblemsof
highpriority,mainly viewedby stakeholders)
SUSTAINABILITY (are the solutions lasting)
SOCIAL IMPACTS (are the interventionspromotingpeace,
de-militarization, stability, social inclusion and coherence,gender equality, youth empowerment)
3.4 Management InformationSystem (MIS)
- DREAMDATABASE
- Databasewill serve as themain componenof theMonitoring&EvaluatingFramework
- The systemwillhave info.onXCs andSNGsprofiles,preferred reintegrationoptions and area
of resettlement and amenuof reintegrationoptions.
- Map the existing andplanned services including jobopportunities, livelihoodopportunities,
training, education, social,phychological andhealth services incluidingHIV related services.
3.5 Reporting
3.6 Auditing
3.7 ProgrammeEvaluation
3.8 ManagementArrangements
Implementationpartner
Get reintegrationpackageof choice
Get trainingmaterial
Start a sustainable living as a civilian
Get valuable resources like:
Health clinics, educational facilities,
women’sorganizations,
communitybased andNGOs
DDR caseworkersget the resources
the communityneeds to reintegrate
One-to-one counselling
Assess experiences, skills& interests
Decide a sustainable livelihood
Discussbarriers to employment
Consider joint ventures
Reintegrationopportunitieswilldifferby localitybutmay include
REINTEGRATION
PROCESSFLOW
Verification
Registration&
Awareness
Insuranceof ID
TSApayment
NFI&FI
Med assis.
councelling,
referral forVCT tc
Briefing (CPA,HIV
awareness&
sensitization
PeaceProcess
XCsProfile
ReintegrationProspects
Verifiying elibilityby theDDRCs
1
2
3
Whatoptions arebest?
Why? and finaldecision
To IPs
Stop-gapProgrammes
IsXCwilling
to joing stop-
gapwork?
STOP-GAP
WORK
(temporary
employement)
CivilSocietyOrganizations
LocalPoliticalLeaders
ConsultationswithEx-Combats
(notoftenpossible)
Accessgovernment
NationalPoliticalLeaders
Collaborate todevelop
NationalDDRStrategies
Consultationwith
keygov.officials
AccessUN
ConsultDDRCommissions
ConsultUNCountryTeams
ConsultBCPRSpecialists
COUNCELLING
REFERRAL
4
5
6
7
IPA
IPB
IPC
IPD
IP
(inc.Gov&UN)
IPSELECTED?
8
USERS
“Something like a
software
that could
essentially take all
the
variables
that
couldbe
in-put
, and
figureout
what
approach
would
bebest in a
given
situation
.”
“An
app
,or a
program
,
or a
game
thatwould
allowus to
calculate,
teach
or
learn
something anddo
so
quickly
.”
MyFantasy
Solution
PROJECT DOCUMENT
Z
Collective action can lead
to collective intelligence
Produceuseful knowledge
from the flowofdata& info
the challenge
ishow to create an
EFFECTIVE INTERFACE
between the
resources in the
ECOSYSTEM,
where each
actorunderstands its
ROLE
data management pyramid
Data
Information
Knowledge
Wisdom
Insight
Meaning
Context
fun
agame
MIXEDMEDIA
Differentmediacontentconnected to theplatform
VALUEOF INFORMATION
TIME/ 12HOURS
Promising
Strong
Good
Evidence
Conflicting
Slight
None
Evidence
USEREXPERIENCE
TEXT
FUN
OTHERMEDIA
sms feed
shortarticle
longpaper
book
matrix
infographics
movie
documentary
video from
mobilephone
audio
books
twitter
feed
VISUAL INFORMATION
photograpy
illustrations
music
play
Z
Z
WHYWOULDACADEMICSSPENDTIMEANSWERINGQUESTIONSFROMFIELDSTAFF?
CANTHEEFFORTOFCONTRIBUTINGWITHANSWERSONTHEPLATFORMREALLYBE
VALUEDMONEYTARY?
WHATARETHE INCENTIVESFORACADEMICS, (FIELDSTAFF)ANDLOCALPEOPLETO
CONTRIBUTETOTHISPLATFORM?
Ref.LargeStakesandBigMistakes,workingpaperbyDanAriely,UriGneezy,GeorgeLoewenstein,andNinaMazar
“Weobserved thathigh reward levelscanhavedetrimentaleffectsonperformance.”
EFFORT/PERFORMANCE
MONEYTARY
Theacademic
The field staffworker
The localpeople
questions
?
answers
!
PolicySupport
localaction
doctors
historians
language skilled
geographical knowledge
culturalexpertts
doctors
soldiers
language skilled
diplomats
culturalexperts
anthropologist
historians
language skilled
social scientists
culturalexperts
About the relationshipbetweeneffortandpay
Noun: “something that incitesor tends to incite toactionorgreatereffort,asa rewardoffered
for increasedproductivity.”
(
Adjective: “inciting,as toaction; stimulating;provocative.”
Mechanical skills:
Higherpay,betterpreformance
Rudamentarycognitive skills:
A larger reward, led topoorerpreformance
INCENTIVES
forwork including:
*creativity
*motoric skills
*concentration
AUTONOMY
Thedesire tobe selfdirected
Engagement
Freedom
Theurge todirectourown lives
MASTERY
Theurge to improveyour skills
It is satisfying
Youdon´tgetpaid
CHALLENGEANDMASTERY
MAKINGACONTRIBUTION
It is fun
Desire togetbetterat
something thatmatters
PURPOSE
Organizationswitha transendent
purposecanofferattactive jobs
Thedesire todowhatwedo in
the serviceof something larger
thanour selves
DRIVE
you like it
do it foryour
own sake
do itbecause it
matters toyou
do itbecause
you find it
interesting
bepartof
something
important
Relation to
PolicySupport.net
INCENTIVES
related to voluntarywork:
Ex.Linux,Wikipedia,
Apache,Skype
Newdiscoveriesabout
themselves,andothers
Want todo somethinguseful
Acheivementofpersonalgoals
Aquisitionofown skills
Recognitionand feedback
Personalgrowth
Giving somethingback
Bringabout socialchange
Family ties
Friendship, support,bonding
anda feelingofbelonging
Forming socialbonds
Strengthening their
community
Serveyourcountry
Riskyour life
INCENTIVES
“tobelieve in something”
More thanapersonal interest
Learning somethingnew
Sacrify time forgoing ina
direction Iwant to follow
Hope for the future
Endgoal
Want tocontribute
Positivemotivation
Time
Researchoutof
personal interest
Whenmoney isan issue:
Payenough toget the
subjectof the table -
And the focuswillbework
Ref. JacqueFresco
Newdiscoveriesabout
themselves,andothers
Want todo somethinguseful
Acheivementofpersonalgoals
Aquisitionofown skills
Recognitionand feedback
Personal
growth
Giving somethingback
Bringabout
socialchange
Family ties
Friendship
support
bonding
a feelingofbelonging
More thanapersonal interest
Learning somethingnew
Uncertainty
Sacrify time forgoing ina
direction Iwant to follow
Hope for the future
Endgoal
Want tocontribute
Positive
motivation
Stress
Away
from
family
Acess to the field staffand
their knowledgeof the field
INCENTIVES
The academic
The field staffworker
The localpeople
RESEARCH
INFORMATION
COUNSILING
IMPLEMENTATION
PHASES
AUTONOMY
Freedom
Theurge todirectourown lives
Engagement
MASTERY
Theurge to improveyour skills
It is satisfying
Youdon´tgetpaid
Challengeandmastery -
makeacontribution
It is fun
Desire togetbetterat
something thatmatters
Theurge todirectourown lives
Freedom
Engagement
Engagement
PURPOSE
do itbecause itmatters toyou
Thedesire todowhatwedo in the service
of something larger thanour selves
Organizationswitha transendent
purposecanofferattactive jobs
do itbecauseyou find it interesting
bepartof something important
you like it
do it foryourown sake
VOLUNTARYWORK
Friendship, support,bonding
anda feelingofbelonging
Newdiscoveriesabout themselves,
andothers
Want todo somethinguseful
Acheivementofpersonalgoals
Aquisitionofown skills
Recognitionand feedback
Personalgrowth
Giving somethingback
Bringabout socialchange
Family ties
TOBELIEVE INSOMETHING
Positivemotivation
More thanapersonal interest
Learning somethingnew
Sacrify time forgoing ina
direction Iwant to follow
Hope for the future
Endgoal
Want tocontribute
Do it foryourown sake
Friendship, support,bonding
anda feelingofbelonging
Family ties
Hope for the future
Do it foryourown sake
Engagement
Challengeandmastery -makeacontribution
do itbecause itmatters toyou
do itbecauseyou find it interesting
bepartof something important
you like it
Aquisitionofown skills
Giving somethingback
Bringabout socialchange
Positivemotivation
Sacrify time forgoing ina
direction Iwant to follow
Endgoal
Want tocontribute
Engagement
It is satisfying
Desire togetbetterat something
thatmatters
Theurge to improveyour skills
It is fun
Thedesire todowhatwedo in the service
of something larger thanour selves
Friendship, support,
bondinganda feelingofbelonging
Newdiscoveriesabout
themselves,andothers
Want todo somethinguseful
Acheivementofpersonalgoals
Recognitionand feedback
Personalgrowth
More thanapersonal interest
Learning somethingnew
Bringabout socialchange
Friendship, support,bonding
anda feelingofbelonging
Want todo somethinguseful
Acheivementofpersonalgoals
Personalgrowth
Learning somethingnew
Engagement
do itbecauseyou find it interesting
Want todo somethinguseful
Bringabout socialchange
Endgoal
Endgoal
PolicySu
Z
Z
Z
Sweeper
SwiftRiver
Crowdmap
USHAHIDI
Freebase (orMetaweb)
GoogleRene
ManyEyes
ScraperWiki
GoogleFusionTables
TableuPublic
OCR
OpenCalais
DocumentCloud
Scribd
GoogleSpreadsheets
YahooPipes
talis
InformationWorkbench
Twine
Trueknowledge
ClearForestGnosis
DBpedia
Hakia
SemanticWire
eCloudManager
LRACrisisTracker
KendoUI
SemanticProxy
Lynda.com
Mendeley
Software
Efficiency
Knowledgeshare
Community
Content
Structuring
Data
Contextualization
Addssemantic
meaning
Content
visualization
Content
Reliability
Software
Interaction
turn into
turn into
Data
Add
Context
Information Knowledge
Action
turn into
Uncertain amountof
waiting time for answer
youdon’t access
your sourceof info
if there isnotenoughexperts
on theplatform, yourquestions
can take forever tobe answered.
possible lackof
communication
social stygme that asking
questions is abad thing
because stupids askquestions
when theydont know.
languagebarriers
(specially in connection
to local sources)
every request can
get veryhighurgency
/priority.
show the importanceof the
question tobe answered in time.
adaptable to
all formats?
veryefficient: low transaction cost
spend very little time for
trustworthy information
you can track the request to
estimate the time towait
helps you to
narrowdown
thequestion
youdon’tneed to
knowwho to contact
for an answer.
it’s simple
once youget
thequestion
right
itdoesnotdifferenciate
the typeofpowereach
userhas (like admin,
reader, commenter)
solvehow to incorporate local
experts in thenetwork (perhaps
recommendedby a field staff)
how todiscriminate
“not important
questions”?
hownot tobomb some
important connections
w/questions
adapt it to support
different formats
(video, text, ...)
can incorporate local
connecitions for insight
localpeople canbedemocratically
engaged and accesspolicyplanners.
possibillity to
collaborate+ create
answers /projects
multidisciplinary.
Participatoryprojects.
participatoryway to
designprojectdocuments.
it canbe too
complicated,notused
of thesewaysof
communication content
look:
unserious
unproffesional
unreliable
unappropriate
it’snot an
academic
language
it canbecome very
heavy / lotsofplugins
thatdon’t adapt to
theirwindows95
parameters canexlude valuable info
easy compatible
w/Word/Excel
(save asPDF)
very fun
can kill
timew/ it
canbe adaptable
tohavemany skins
(personalizeduse)
canbe adaptable
to a simplemobile
phone format
easyway to filter loadsof info
easyway to filter
classified and
unclassified info
(likeFBwithgroups)
find away to summerizegreat
ammountof complex info like
SwiftRiver
