23
statistically significant negative effects of increasing amplitude for the cohorts born
1934 to 1939, except for the cohort born 1937.
In the analyses above, we decided not to censor individuals who died during the age
span studied (i.e., before the age of 71). If there is a negative health effect of being
offered an early retirement, resulting in increased mortality, then this would reduce the
number of days in inpatient care. The implication of this procedure – of not censoring
individuals at time of death – is such that it would bias our results downwards. That is,
our results could simply stem from an increased mortality of those being offered the
occupational pension. Hence it is imperative also to study potential effects on mortality.
Table 4: Effects of the offer to receive occupational pensions on number of days in
inpatient care during 56 to 70 years of age: (1) linear, (2) pooled, and (3) by individual
cohort (the 1931 birth cohort as reference)
(1)
(2)
(3)
M*Z
-0.0833**
(0.0293)
1934 ≤ Cohort≤ 1939
-0.3755**
(0.1258)
1932 Cohort
-0.3101
(0.262)
1933 Cohort
-0.1672
(0.2765)
1934 Cohort
-0.5246†
(0.2753)
1935 Cohort
-0.5450*
(0.2602)
1936 Cohort
-0.4294†
(0.2576)
1937 Cohort
-0.3883
(0.266)
1938 Cohort
-0.6163*
(0.258)
1939 Cohort
-0.6149*
(0.2591)
Note. Estimation is performed with the Poisson maximum likelihood estimator. Robust standard errors in (): † p<.1; *
p<.05; ** p<.01. Z takes the values 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 5 for the cohorts born 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935,
1936, 1937, 1938, and 1939. All models include controls for military (M), cohort, county, income, and education, and
interactions between income and cohort, and education and cohort. The number of observations is 47,038.
6.3
The effect on m
ortality
In this section we again turn to cohorts that are not affected (i.e., cohorts born 1931-
1932) and cohorts that are most affected by the 1992 Bill (i.e., cohorts born 1938-1939).
hows Kaplan-Meier estimates of the survival function (including a 95-
percent confidence interval) by group, depending on cohort and military status. In
comparison with the older cohorts, the survival rates are higher for the younger cohorts.
